The peace treaty of Imam Hasan (as) 2

2021-06-22

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Contents

In this part of the article titled “The peace treaty of Imam Hassan (as)”, we shall provide other relevant replies to the questions.

Reply Five

By making peace Imam Hasan (as) was able to show the Ummah that Mu’awiya was a hypocrite (1). Imam Ibn Hajar Asqalaini records in Fathul Bari:

اني اشترطت على معاوية لنفسي الخلافة بعده

“Hasan said:’I placed a condition on Mu’awiya that I will become leader after Mu’awiya”

al Bidaya:

وقد كان معاوية لما صالح الحسن عهد للحسن بالأمر من بعده

“When Mu’awiya made peace with Hasan, he made a promise that leadership would go to Hasan after him”

Sahih Bukhari makes it clear that a hypocrite is one who makes a promise and then breaks it. The peace treaty exposed the hypocrisy of Mu’awiya, and his enmity to the family of Maula’Ali (as). The treaty was set up to show to the Ummah that he was a hypocrite and his breaking of this promise through the poisoning of Imam Hasan (as) made this absolutely clear. Allah says in Holy Quran:

But those who break the Covenant of Allah, after having plighted their word thereto, and cut asunder those things which Allah has commanded to be joined, and work mischief in the land;- on them is the curse; for them is the terrible home! (2)

Mu’awiya’s renaging on his promise proves that he was a accursed one and a hypocrite (munafiq). The peace treaty rather than prove the faith of Mu’awiya exposes him as a hypocrite.

Reply Six

The peace treaty in the eyes of the Sunni Scholars (3). Irshad al-Sari:

“Hasan did not leave worldly power on account of personal weakness, rather he made peace to avoid Fitnah and to quell hostilities” (4)

The reference proves that the Sunni scholars did not deem the treaty as proof that Mu’awiya was right; rather the Imam did it to prevent the further loss of life. The Nasibi’s claim that Mu’awiah obtained ijmaa is a lie. Ijmaa requires the consensus from the scholars of piety on an Islamic problem, but neither was Mu’awiya pious nor were those that supported his reign, his sidekicks Ibn Aas, Mughira bi Shubah, Ziyad, Marwan were devoid of piety.

Reply Seven

Mu’awiya was not well intentioned when he made peace with Imam Hasan (as). If we read history, it becomes clear that Muawiyah’s heart was (as usual) impure and was not clear of bad intentions at the time of making treaty with Imam Hassan (as) (5).

We read in Sahih Muslim:

It has been narrated on the authority of Hudhaifa b. al-Yamani who said: People used to ask the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) about the good times, but I used to ask him about bad times fearing lest they overtake me. I said: Messenger of Allah, we were in the midst of ignorance and evil, and then God brought us this good (time through Islam). Is there any bad time after this good one? He said: Yes. I asked : Will there be a good time again after that bad time ? He said: Yes, but therein will be a hidden evil. I asked: What will be the evil hidden therein? He said: (That time will witness the rise of) the people who will adopt ways other than mine and seek guidance other than mine. You will know good points as well as bad points. I asked: Will there be a bad time after this good one ? He said: Yes. (A time will come) when there will be people standing and inviting at the gates of Hell. Whoso responds to their call they will throw them into the fire. I said: Messenger of Allah, describe them for us. He said: All right. They will be a people having the same complexion as ours and speaking our language. I said: Messenger of Allah, what do you suggest if I happen to live in that time ? He said: You should stick to the main body of the Muslims and their leader. I said: If they have no (such thing as the) main body and have no leader ? He said : Separate yourself from all these factions, though you may have to eat the roots of trees (in a jungle) until death comes to you and you are in this state.

Ibn Tamiyah al-Nasibi stated about this hadith:

والخبر الثاني اجتماع الناس لما اصطلح الحسن ومعاوية لكن كان صلحا على دخن

“The second news is about the people who gathered when al-Hassan and Mu’awiya made treaty, but the treaty was based on malice” (6)

Mullah Ali Qari wrote:

وبالخير الثاني ما وقع من صلح الحسن مع معاوية والإجماع عليه وبالدخن ما كان في زمنه من بعض الأمراء كزياد بالعراق

“The second news refers to the treaty that took place between Mu’awiya and Hasan, and Dakhan refers to some of Mu’awiya’s Governors like Ziyad in Iraq”

Mullah Ali Qari says the word ‘Dakhan’ refers to Ziyad but fails to include his teacher Mu’awiya under this definition/word. These Nawasib try to legitimize the reign of a leader who came to power my making a peace that he has no support for, and the Prophet (s.a.w.a) used the term for one that referring to a hypocritical agreement. Shah Abdul Haq Dehalvi in his Sharh Mishkat stated:

‘Dakhan’ refers to a treaty involving dishonesty and hypocrisy.

Nawawi said in ‘Sharh Muslim (7) that:

‘Dakhan’ among animals refers to a colour that is black and in this hadith it refers to a heart which is not pure and its impurity doesnt erase.

Ibn Atheer stated in ‘Al-Nihayah’ that ‘Hadna Ala Dakhan’ refers to: “A treaty about which hearts are not pure”.

Shah Waliullah Dehalvi in ‘Hujjuthul Balagha’ stated: “Dakhan refers to the peace treaty between Mu’awiya and Hasan”

Imam Hasan was the grandson of the Prophet, one of the members under the cloak of purity, the rightful leader and the master of the youth of paradise, He (as) was of pure intention when making peace, unlike Mu’awiya, later on proven by his flagrant violation of the conditions, killing of Imam Hasan (as) and showing happiness over His (as) murder. Thus, the filthy heart being referred to by the word ‘Dakhan’ was the heart of Muawiyah.

Continue in the next article: ( The peace treaty with Imam Hassan (as) 3 )

NOTES:

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1. This will be evidenced from the following esteemed Sunni works.